Monday, December 16, 2013

TANGGUNG KOS PERUBATAN TINGGI


SUNGAI KOB - Masih ramai dalam kalangan pesakit buah pinggang yang tidak mampu untuk membiayai kos rawatan hemodialisis terutama warga emas.

Ketua Umno Bahagian Padang Serai, Asmadi Abu Talib berkata, setiap pesakit harus menjalani rawatan itu sekurang-kurangnya tiga kali seminggu dan kos pembiayaannya sekitar RM300.

Menurutnya, pesakit terpaksa mengeluarkan kos kira-kira RM1,200 sebulan semata-mata untuk menjalani rawatan itu dan meskipun rawatan ini membebankan tetapi ia terpaksa dilakukan untuk memastikan pesakit sihat.

--- kilik sini

OFFER OF LIFE INSURANCE VIA DIVERSIFIED CHANNELS?




KUALA LUMPUR: Bank Negara Malaysia’s ( BNM ) recent release of its life

insurance concept paper to promote a diversified delivery channel, such as

online and walk-in has been seen as something new, but it has to be pointed

out that two local insurance firms already offer life insurance products online.

However, for life insurance plans, where things may get complicated [in making claims], 

there will be “no one to service you if you were to buy online”.

“Agents still have an important role to play with regareds to life insurance 

policies,” said an official of an insurance company. “In cases where one is hospitalised 

and immobile, and if certain ‘grey areas’ were to occur in making claims, 

who is going to fight for you?” he said adding that even in advanced countries 

such as the US and Japan, agents are i ndispensable.


Tuesday, December 3, 2013

Edisi medical card cover komplikasi kehamilan 2: Kehamilan anggur (Molar pregnancy)


Biasanya kehamilan terjadi hasil daripada persenyawaan antara sperma dengan ovum yang akan membentuk ketulan baru yang dipanggil blastosis dan seterusnya menjadi embrio.

 Tetapi hal ini tidak terjadi pada kehamilan anggur. Kehamilan anggur atau mola hidatidosa merupakan keadaan rahim tidak berisi janin. Sebaliknya hanya berisi gelembung-gelembung mirip buah anggur.

 Sel telur (sel dalam) terhenti perkembangannya pada minggu ke-3 atau ke-4. Sel luar (trofoblas) sahaja yang berkembang dan membentuk plasenta. Masalah ini mungkin dapat dikesan seawal minggu ke-6 kehamilan.

Sel trofoblas yang kosong ini kemudiannya membengkak, membentuk gelembung-gelembung berisi cairan, mirip buah anggur. Ukurannya ada pelbagai saiz. Ada yang antara 1 mm hingga 2 sm.

Jika dilihat melalui mikroskop, tidak ada pembuluh darah di dalamnya. Bagaimanapun jumlah selnya tetap terus bertambah.


Jenis-jenis Kehamilan Anggur/Molar


Persenyawaan Normal
a)Kehamilan Molar lengkap (Complete Molar)



  • Telur yang tiada Genetic disenyawakan oleh Sperma. Sperma tumbuh dengan sendiri, tetapi ia hanya boleh menjadi ketulan tisu yang kelihatan seperti gugusan anggur dan akan menjadi janin
b) Kehamilan molar tidak lengkap (Partial Molar)

  • Telur disenyawakan oleh 2 Sperma. Plasenta menjadi pertumbuhan molar iaitu ketulan tisu yang kelihatan seperti gugusan anggur. Tisu janin yang terbentuk mempunyai kecacatan yang teruk

 Simptom
* Kadar HormonChorionic Ginadothropin (HGC) tinggi.
* Kandungan kelihatan lebih besar, hamil tiga bulan seperti enam bulan.
* Mual dan muntah yang luar biasa pada trimester pertama.
* Berlaku pendarahan yang berulang.
* Sakit Tiroid akibat hormon yang berlebihan
* Tiada degupan jantung atau tiada janin
* Keluar tisu yang serupa anggur dari faraj
* Darah tinggi sebelum usia kandungan minggu ke 24
* Ultrasounds menunjukkan "snow-storm effect" dalam rahim

Rawatan
* Jika doktor anda mengesyaki kehamilan anggur/molar, prosedur menyedut dalam untuk 
   membuang sebanyak mungkin tisu-tisu abnormal yang terdapat dalam rahim
* Hamil anggur yang tidak dirawat boleh mengakibatkan masalah lain termasuk kematian.
* Hysterectomy, membuang rahim mungkin menjadi satu pilihan untuk wanita yang lebih
   tua yang tidak mahu anak di masa hadapan
* Tahap hormon hCG dipastikan dalam tahap yang normal dengan mengambil ujian darah 
   untuk selama beberapa minggu
* Wanita akan dinasihatkan untuk mengelak hamil selama 6-12 bulan selepas rawatan 
   untuk memastikan tisu yang tidak normal tidak akan kembali. Wanita yang hamil terlalu
   awal selepas kehamilan anggur/molar mempunyai risiko yang lebih tinggi untuk mendapat
   kehamilan anggur/molar.


Siapakah yang berisiko untuk kehamilan molar?
* Umur lebih tua 35 tahun keatas
* Mempunyai sejarah kehamilan molar
* Kemungkinan berlaku gangguan ovulasi
* Mempunyai sejarah keguguran
* Mempunyai Karotena (satu bentuk Vitamin A yang rendah)

Dipetik dari: http://pama.karangkraf.com/famili/apa-itu-kehamilan-anggur-1.199992
Oleh: HASNITA PAMA, Tarikh: 9 September 2013 dan web site bayi-ibu.com http://bayi-ibu.com/kehamilan-molar-anggur/

Government hospitals in Klang Valley facing a shortage of beds for patients


SOME government hospitals in the Klang Valley are grappling with the problem of overcrowding. The lack of space is most evident during visiting hours and when medical staff make their rounds to check on patients.

Inpatients occupy spare beds that are placed along the corridors, cubicals and in every nook-and-corner of the medical wards.

A StarMetro team went to the ground following complaints from members of the public who expressed their dissatisfacton over the overcrowded wards and found that Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Hospital (TAR) in Klang, Kajang Hospital and Kuala Lumpur Hospital (HKL) are among the hospitals facing the most severe shortage of beds to accommodate inpatients.

Further checks revealed wards packed to the brim with extra beds occupying every available bit of space, making it hard for visitors to walk along the corridors while visiting their loved ones.


Furthermore, two to five beds were added toeach cubical to accommodate the high volume of inpatients.

Each of the hospitals is equipped with an additional 35% extension beds, which are more mobile than regular hospital beds.

Checks revealed that these hospitals, built more than 28 years ago, are running at beyond their maximum capacity in terms of number of beds.

TAR Hospital has a total of 893 beds with an admission rate of 260 patients daily, while Kajang has a total of 326 beds with an average admission of 64 daily. KLH has 2,115 beds with an average of 324 admission daily.

HKL recorded 118,286 inpatients last year followed by TAR Hospital with 95,000 and Kajang with 24,602.

HKL acts as the government’s tertiary referral hospital and has 83 wards and 2,115 beds with 80% occupancy rate.


Daily, an average of 14,000 patients seek treatment at the hospital and patients are never turned away.

Despite the manifold increase of population over the past three decades, StarMetro’s finding also revealed that the sizes of the wards and number of beds at TAR and Kajang have remained the same ever since they were built.

This is not helped by the fact that there have been no new hospitals built in Selangor over the past 10 years.

As a matter of policy, the government hospitals do not turn away patients who need to be admitted for treatment.

Patients are warded in beds so close together as to leave them feeling uneasy.

Ghani Abdul Majid, 65, who was warded at the TAR hospital for flu, said he was shocked to find patients packed so close to each other.

“The medical staff and visitors find it difficult to move around the ward due to the congestion,” he said

Checks revealed that the situation was prevalent in both male and female wards and the pediatrics.

In many cases, patients get told “Tidak ada katil” (there are no beds), and “Tunggu atur katil” (wait for a bed to be ready).

To ease the situation somewhat, TAR hospital authorities had prepared a discharge lounge for patients to sit while waiting to be discharged so that their beds will be cleared for new patients.

A TAR Hospital staff member said they had created the discharge lounge to reduce the waiting period of admission the wards.

Otherwise, she said, the queue for beds would get even longer.

“We are doing everything possible to accommodate the inpatients and also to quickly discharge them when they are deemed fit.


“The condition of the wards may not appear to be pleasing due to the overcrowding but we do not compromise on treatment for the patients,” she said, adding that the doctors, nurses and staff were required to work much harder in order to cope with the additional beds.

A member of the public who wished to be identified only as Parames said her husband, who contracted dengue fever, was kept waiting at the emergency ward for 15 hours before being admitted at one of the hospitals.

A doctor from the Kajang Hospital who wished not to be named said the bed shortage was most critical in a dengue outbreak.

Checks also revealed that the situation was not much better at some of the semi-government hospitals.

Since there is a lack of government hospitals between HKL and the TAR Hospital in Klang, the bulk of patients head to Universiti Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC).

G. Krishnan rushed his daughter Asha D. Krishnan, two, to a government hospital because of severe vomiting and diarrhoea and was forced to transfer the child to a private medical centre as there were no beds available.

More recently, a father who wished to be known only as Nick waited for 12 hours before his son was admitted for a surgery at UMMC.

“It was a long wait but we do not have the money to bring our son to a private hospital.

A spokesman for the Visitors Board of TAR Hospital said there was nothing much the hospital could do about the overcrowding.

He said the hospital had only two choices, either taking the easy way out by not admitting new patients or go out of their way to accommodate them.

“The hospital management decided to choose the difficult path in order ensure the sick ones were given immediate health care.

“The management is handling the situation the best they can and they walk the extra mile to get things done in the best interest of the patients,” he said

A HKL spokesman said the hospital was undergoing upgrading works at its wards under a RM300mil allocation from the Prime Minister’s Department.

The spokesman said the hospital was working towards providing more comfortable beds and a conducive environment for both the patients and the hospital staffs.

It is learnt that Kajang Hospital submitted a development proposal to the Health Ministry and is awaiting its decision.

However, Kajang Hospital director Dr Kuldip Kaur Prem Singh said she was unable to comment on the matter.

HKL is the largest government hospital in the country.

BY ELAN PERUMAL AND SHEILA SRI PRIYA, Published: Monday December 2, 2013 MYT 12:00:00 AM 

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